{"id":695,"date":"2017-04-28T16:05:00","date_gmt":"2017-04-28T16:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/?p=695"},"modified":"2022-08-23T14:37:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-23T14:37:00","slug":"we-used-big-data-to-predict-macron-would-win-here-is-what-we-learned-in-the-process","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/blog\/we-used-big-data-to-predict-macron-would-win-here-is-what-we-learned-in-the-process\/","title":{"rendered":"We used big data to predict Macron would win. Here is what we learned in the process"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-template-default wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/blog\/why-macron-will-win\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Why Macron will win\"><\/a>\t\t<div class=\"vlp-link-image-container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vlp-link-image\">\n\t\t\t<img style=\"max-width: 150px;\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Why-Macron-will-win-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-150x150 size-150x150\" alt=\"Emmanuel Macron winner of 2017 French election\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Why-Macron-will-win-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Why-Macron-will-win-370x370.jpg 370w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vlp-link-text-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vlp-link-title\">\n\t\t\tWhy Macron will win\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vlp-link-summary\">\n\t\t\tThis Sunday, millions of French people will head to their local polling stations to choose their next resident&#8230;\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>When the voting booths closed in France last Sunday, perhaps the most surprising result was that the opinion polls had for once been right. Much maligned since Brexit and Trump, the pollsters this time correctly\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/0\/french-presidential-election-poll-tracker-odds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\">predicted<\/a>\u00a0the winners, Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"515\" height=\"245\" class=\"wp-image-696\" src=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1_Bgybv4pjy8ZmPxUNTBZn2Q.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1_Bgybv4pjy8ZmPxUNTBZn2Q.png 515w, https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1_Bgybv4pjy8ZmPxUNTBZn2Q-300x143.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>Source: The Telegraph<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Alternative predictions using big data\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/pixels\/article\/2017\/04\/24\/big-data-buzz-sur-les-reseaux-sociaux-la-defaite-des-previsions-alternatives_5116570_4408996.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\">fared less well<\/a>\u00a0in France (article in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/the-french-report\/the-big-data-calls-for-an-unexpected-winner-of-the-first-round-6494ad93422a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">English<\/a>). Of the ones we know of, none predicted both winners correctly. The only big data forecast to correctly\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/blog\/marine-le-pen-will-probably-not-be-the-next-french-president-big-data-suggests\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\">predict a Macron victory<\/a>\u00a0was the one provided by Echobox, which is based on over two billion data points from our popular\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/showcase.echobox.com\/frenchelection\/?utm_campaign=big%20data%20Macron&amp;utm_source=resources&amp;utm_medium=blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">French Election Tracker<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Weeks before the picture in the polls changed, we were also correct in predicting that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/echobox\/who-is-the-leading-left-wing-candidate-in-france-d6b105a401c6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jean-Luc M\u00e9lenchon<\/a>\u00a0was headed for a stronger-than-expected result. We furthermore predicted \u2014 correctly, as it turned out \u2014 that Marine Le Pen\u2019s support was weakening after the TV debate, leaving her with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/echobox\/le-pen-macron-big-data-efeafe200612\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">little chance<\/a>\u00a0of beating Macron. When all the votes were counted, Le Pen\u2019s share of the votes was significantly lower than the polls had indicated a week before the election, and she was almost as far behind Macron as her father, Jean-Marie Le Pen, trailed Jacques Chirac in 2002. We, therefore, remain confident in our prediction that Marine Le Pen has only the slimmest chance to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/echobox\/marine-le-pen-will-probably-not-be-the-next-french-president-big-data-suggests-8ab8e0dc61fb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">become Madame la Pr<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/echobox\/who-is-the-leading-left-wing-candidate-in-france-d6b105a401c6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/blog\/marine-le-pen-will-probably-not-be-the-next-french-president-big-data-suggests\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\">sidente<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>When we published our predictions, we were open about their limitations. In particular, we discussed at length the factors that might lead us to underestimate Marine Le Pen\u2019s and Jean-Luc M\u00e9lenchon\u2019s chances, while overestimating Fran\u00e7ois Fillon\u2019s. We tried to compensate for this in our prediction, but still over-estimated Fran\u00e7ois Fillon\u2019s chances. In the end, despite Marine Le Pen\u2019s decline from her early April polling highs, Fillon did not quite advance to the final round, in part because of a strong showing for right-wing candidate Nicolas Dupont-Aignan.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>This does not change our belief that big data is the future of opinion research, but we are the first to acknowledge that in order to improve our methods we must identify and be transparent about the challenges we face, both in terms of data quality and in terms of the methods we use to interpret the data. Big data may eventually render polls obsolete, but today it is as imperfect as sample-based surveys.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>In this article, we are looking back at our predictions to inform and improve our approach to predicting the outcome of the final round.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"346\" height=\"253\" class=\"wp-image-698\" src=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1_Jpo782PmYdbHpwl59kMBFA-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1_Jpo782PmYdbHpwl59kMBFA-1.png 346w, https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1_Jpo782PmYdbHpwl59kMBFA-1-300x219.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>Macron or Le Pen: Who will be next in the Elysee Palace?<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"ac24\"><strong>Lesson 1: Transparency is key<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Both on the <a href=\"https:\/\/showcase.echobox.com\/frenchelection\/?utm_campaign=big%20data%20Macron&amp;utm_source=resources&amp;utm_medium=blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\">French Election Tracker\u00a0website<\/a>\u00a0and in our predictions, we have been clear about the differences between our tracker and traditional polls. We pointed out that our tracker is still experimental, unlike opinion surveys which have been conducted and refined for almost a century. We even included an entire section entitled \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/echobox\/fillon-macron-big-data-6ba65cb67b21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">We could be wrong<\/a>\u2019 when we set out our predictions, explaining the limitations of our data.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>This reflects a conscious decision made before we first published our tracker. Good scientists are open and honest about the limitations their research faces and at Echobox we aspire to live up to standards as high as those of the cutting-edge academic research that powers our algorithms.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>For this reason, we were\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/showcase.echobox.com\/frenchelection\/?utm_campaign=big%20data%20Macron&amp;utm_source=resources&amp;utm_medium=blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\">transparent<\/a>\u00a0about our methodology, unlike other big data providers which opted for what Jeremie Mani\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/politics\/articles\/2017-03-31\/french-upset-signaled-by-internet-chatter-flagging-macron-flaws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">called<\/a> a \u201cblack box\u201d approach that kept their methodology secret. We continue to believe that transparency is a must for the type of analysis we offer on Echobox Resources.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"b3e6\"><strong>Lesson 2: Beware of negative attention<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>We specifically warned that a high score in the FET can reflect both \u201cpositive and negative attention,\u201d making predictions inherently difficult. This was a challenge when predicting Fran\u00e7ois<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/echobox\/fillon-macron-big-data-6ba65cb67b21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a0Fillon<\/a>\u2019s vote share, because so much of the media interest in him was driven by scandals. As we pointed out:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\r\n<p><em>On the surface, it appears that Fillon attracts much more interest than Macron [\u2026]. However, the FET shows clearly that Fillon\u2019s performance was driven by extreme spikes in attention on days when major scandals broke.<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>We tried to correct for this by filtering out these negative attention spikes, which led to the prediction that Fillon would come in narrowly ahead of Le Pen but clearly behind Macron. We warned that we attached a higher degree of uncertainty to this prediction and unfortunately it turned out that we did not manage to fully account for the distortion caused by Fillon\u2019s scandal-driven coverage.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>We will therefore be mindful of spikes driven by unambiguously negative interest in either Macron or Le Pen when predicting the final outcome. By this we mean spikes driven by stories about corruption or gross incompetence, rather than merely controversial stories such as demands for radical policies that polarise the electorate.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"8d9b\"><strong>Lesson 3: Context matters<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>One key limitation we identified in our data was that Le Pen and M\u00e9lenchon supporters might have eschewed traditional media outlets covered by our data, instead obtaining their information from social media. This is a pattern for supporters of populist parties on both the right and left that can be\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/audio\/2017\/mar\/03\/the-peoples-memes-how-social-media-and-populism-are-changing-our-lives-tech-podcast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">observed<\/a>\u00a0across countries.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>To compensate for this, we included social media data to contextualise our finding that Le Pen was seeing\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/blog\/marine-le-pen-will-probably-not-be-the-next-french-president-big-data-suggests\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\">declining<\/a>\u00a0interest after the TV debate. We furthermore put our\u00a0prediction\u00a0of a weak Le Pen performance in a broader context of a weakening of populist forces across Western Europe (e.g. Geert Wilders\u2019s Freedom Party in the Netherlands, the UK Independence Party in Britain and the AfD in Germany).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>When we make our final-round prediction next week, we will again include social media trends and the wider context.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"dff1\"><strong>Who will be the next Pr<\/strong>\u00e9<strong>sident(e)?<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Our predictions for the first round of the French election were more accurate than those of other big data providers. More importantly, we were more careful and transparent in making them. This reflects our commitment to transparency in all of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/white-papers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a> we publish on\u00a0Echobox Resources and our commitment to scientific principles as we build the world\u2019s first AI that understands the meaning of content.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>We remain convinced that the cumulative level of attention over an entire election campaign is a relevant predictor of performance that can spot trends before they manifest themselves in conventional polls and identify the winner with a high level of confidence.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Since the first-round results, Emmanuel Macron has received more attention online than Marine Le Pen for over 65% of the time. We will be following how this cumulative score evolves and issue our final-round prediction 48 hours before the results come out.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3714 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Attention_Recieved_By_Macron_and_Le_Pen.png\" alt=\"Graph demonstrating the difference in attention received by Macron and Le Pen during the French Presidential election\" width=\"700\" height=\"353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Attention_Recieved_By_Macron_and_Le_Pen.png 700w, https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Attention_Recieved_By_Macron_and_Le_Pen-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Attention_Recieved_By_Macron_and_Le_Pen-150x76.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/showcase.echobox.com\/frenchelection\/?utm_campaign=big%20data%20Macron&amp;utm_source=resources&amp;utm_medium=blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\">The French Election Tracker<\/a><\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When the voting booths closed in France last Sunday, perhaps the most surprising result was that the opinion polls had for once been right.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":913,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[8],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>We used big data to predict Macron would win. Here is what we learned in the process - Echobox Resources<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Echobox&#039;s big data forecast was the only one to correctly predict a Macron victory. It was based on over two billion data points from our popular French Election Tracker.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.echobox.com\/resources\/blog\/we-used-big-data-to-predict-macron-would-win-here-is-what-we-learned-in-the-process\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"We used big data to predict Macron would win. Here is what we learned in the process - Echobox Resources\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Echobox&#039;s big data forecast was the only one to correctly predict a Macron victory. 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